Suhail Najm Shahab ¹, Ayib Rosdi Zainun ¹, Nurul Hazlina Noordin ¹, Izzeldin Ibrahim ¹

Affiliations
1 Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pahang, MY

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) beam forming technique is among the most widely used in antenna array field. The conventional MVDR has poor performance, and low Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) gain in the condition of limited snapshots or Multiple Access Interference (MAI) signals existing. Heuristic optimization algorithms are broadly used to solve many engineering problems. Methods/Analysis: In this work, two nature-inspired optimization methods, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) are applied to enhancing the conventional MVDR performance. In particular, the complex weight coefficients of the conventional MVDR solution are improved using both approaches. First, SINR calculated from MVDR basing linear antenna array configuration then the PSO and _GSA implemented to minimizes the power of noise and interference in the constraint condition. The performance of the proposed methods is assessed based on various QoS criteria such as beampattern accuracy for azimuth and elevation scanning angles and SINR output. Findings: In comparison to conventional MVDR, the proposed algorithms have indicated that MVDR_GSA providesfavorable agreement of synthesizing a maximum gain toward the desired real user angle while introducing deep null-forming in the undesired user directions. As a result, average SINR is evaluated over 20 runs in all simulation scenarios, the performance of MVDR_GSA is better than the performance of MVDR_PSO. Moreover, a good control over the null-forming level can be achieved by MVDR_GSA for iteration number < 100 whereas MVDR_PSO is simple and easy to implement but required more convergence time to get high SINR. Application/Improvements: In general, it was observed that MVDR_GSA out performs the MVDR_PSO with respect to solution quality, stability and convergence speed.

Keywords

Beam Forming, Linear Antenna Array, Smart Antenna, GSA, MVDR, PSO, SINR

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